From www.coincashew.com/coins/overview-xmr/guide-or-how-to-run-a-full-node

Guide | How to run your own Monero node

? Why should I run my own Monero node?

To independently have the ability to send/receive/verify transactions while maintaining the highest privacy and security, you will want to run your own node.
If you do not run your own node, you are relying on other’s nodes to verify and send your transactions.
To contribute to the decentralization of the Monero network.
To use a monero wallet requires connecting to a fully synched node. Best node is your own.
To connect to the monero network, you run a peer-to-peer application called monerod (the d stands for daemon) and it forms the backbone of the Monero network.
Optional: Offering your node as a public remote note is to volunteer your node as a public resource by helping onboard new monero nodes and relay other monero users transactions.

Monero nodes come in two flavours.

Full Node: Stores all blockchain data
Pruned Node: Stores a random 1/8th of the blockchain’s data and requires much less disk space

?Minimum Full Node System Requirements

Dual-core CPU
4+ GB RAM
160GB+ SSD HD

? Minimum Pruned Node System Requirements

Same as full node yet with a smaller HD
80GB+ SSD HD

As of early 2021, a pruned node uses 32GB and a full node uses 96GB of storage space.

? 1. Configuring ports and firewall

Full Public Node with port 18089, a restricted RPC port, UNLIKE the graphic above, since you must open port 18089 as well (or instead of 18081).

# By default, deny all incoming and outgoing traffic
sudo ufw default deny incoming
sudo ufw default allow outgoing
# Allow ssh access
sudo ufw allow ssh
# Allow monerod p2p port
sudo ufw allow 18080
# Allow monerod restricted RPC port
sudo ufw allow 18089
# Enable firewall
sudo ufw enable

# Verify status
sudo ufw status numbered

Setup service accounts.

# creates system user account for monero service
sudo adduser --system --group --no-create-home monero

Create some folders the service needs & set their ownership:

# logfile goes here
sudo mkdir /var/log/monero

# blockchain database goes here
sudo mkdir /var/lib/monero

# create file for config  
touch /var/lib/monero/monerod.conf

# set permissions to service account
sudo chown -R monero:monero /var/lib/monero
sudo chown -R monero:monero /var/log/monero

Download the latest monero node binaries.

cd $HOME
wget --content-disposition https://downloads.getmonero.org/cli/linux64

Verify the download hash signature.

#download latest hashes.txt file
wget https://www.getmonero.org/downloads/hashes.txt

#search hashes.txt file for the computed sha256sum
grep -e $(sha256sum monero-linux-x64-*.tar.bz2) hashes.txt

A match appears and this confirms the file is valid.

Example output:

hashes.txt:b566652c5281970c6137c27dd15002fe6d4c9230bc37d81545b2f36c16e7d476 monero-linux-x64-v0.17.1.8.tar.bz2

Extract tar and copy to /usr/local/bin

tar -xvf monero-linux-x64-*.tar.bz2
sudo mv monero-x86_64-linux-gnu-*/* /usr/local/bin
sudo chown -R monero:monero /usr/local/bin/monero*

Cleanup files.

rm monero-linux-x64-*.tar.bz2
rm hashes.txt
rm -rf monero-x86_64-linux-gnu-*/

Configure your Monero Node with a config file.

sudo nano /var/lib/monero/monerod.conf

Add this to the file.

#blockchain data / log locations
data-dir=/var/lib/monero
log-file=/var/log/monero/monero.log

#log options
log-level=0
max-log-file-size=0 # Prevent monerod from managing the log files; we want logrotate to take care of that

# P2P full node
p2p-bind-ip=0.0.0.0 # Bind to all interfaces (the default)
p2p-bind-port=18080 # Bind to default port
public-node=true # Advertises the RPC-restricted port over p2p peer lists

# rpc settings
rpc-restricted-bind-ip=0.0.0.0
rpc-restricted-bind-port=18089

# i2p settings
tx-proxy=i2p,127.0.0.1:8060

# node settings
prune-blockchain=true
db-sync-mode=safe # Slow but reliable db writes
enforce-dns-checkpointing=true
enable-dns-blocklist=true # Block known-malicious nodes
no-igd=true # Disable UPnP port mapping
no-zmq=true # ZMQ configuration

# bandwidth settings
out-peers=32 # This will enable much faster sync and tx awareness; the default 8 is suboptimal nowadays
in-peers=32 # The default is unlimited; we prefer to put a cap on this
limit-rate-up=1048576 # 1048576 kB/s == 1GB/s; a raise from default 2048 kB/s; contribute more to p2p network
limit-rate-down=1048576 # 1048576 kB/s == 1GB/s; a raise from default 8192 kB/s; allow for faster initial sync

{% hint style=”info” %} Configuration File Comments

Modify prune-blockchain to false if you want to store full blockchain
Modify public-node to false if you do not want other users to use your node.
rpc-restricted-bind-ip/port flagsenable restricted access to your node but allow full RPC from other Monero wallets on your LAN.
Limit the upload speed in case you have a data cap: limit-rate-up=8192 (in kB/s). Conversely, if you have an unlimited data plan, consider increasing the upload speeds to better support the Monero network. A node can typically use up to 1TB traffic per month. {% endhint %}

Create a monerod.service systemd unit file. Simply copy and paste the following.

cat > $HOME/monerod.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=monerod
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/var/lib/monero/monerod.pid
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/monerod --config-file /var/lib/monero/monerod.conf --detach --pidfile /var/lib/monero/monerod.pid
User=monero
Group=monero
Restart=always
RestartSec=5

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

Move the file to /etc/systemd/system/monerod.service

sudo mv $HOME/monerod.service /etc/systemd/system/monerod.service

Restart monerod in order for config change to take effect.

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable monerod
sudo systemctl restart monerod

Check the systemd service with

journalctl -fu monerod

Review the logs for any errors. CTRL + C to exit.

tail -f /var/log/monero/monero.log

{% hint style=”info” %} Allow the node to sync. This may take a few hours up to a few days depending on your node’s system resources. {% endhint %}

Your node is completely synchronized the node status says height: n / n 100% and has the same block height as a public xmr block explorer such as https://blockchair.com/monero or http://xmrchain.net/

Check your node’s block height with the following command.

monerod status

{% hint style=”success” %} Connect to your brand new node with your favorite clients such as Monerujo, CakeWallet or Monero-GUI. Simply enter your node’s IP or hostname into the remote node field. Congrats! ? {% endhint %}

⛏️ Optional: Start mining

Like winning a lotto ticket, your monero node has a chance to mine a block. You may never win a block but your hashrate helps protect and strengthen the network.

Start with 1 thread, check your mining hashrate and increase if your CPU resources allow.

Run the following command.

monerod start_mining <YOUR XMR ADDRESS> <NUMBER OF THREADS>

? Optional: Setup I2P

Download I2p.

wget https://github.com/i2p-zero/i2p-zero/releases/download/v1.20/i2p-zero-linux.v1.20.zip
unzip i2p-zero-linux.v1.20
sudo cp -r i2p-zero-linux.v1.20/* /usr/local/bin

sudo chown -R i2p:i2p /usr/local/bin/router

rm i2p-zero-linux.v1.20.zip
rm -rf i2p-zero-linux.v1.20

Setup service accounts.

# creates system user account for i2p service
sudo adduser --system --group --no-create-home i2p

Create a i2pzero.service systemd unit file. Simply copy and paste the following.

cat > $HOME/i2pzero.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=i2pzero
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
User=i2p
Group=i2p
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/router/bin/i2p-zero
Restart=always
RestartSec=5

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

Move the file to /etc/systemd/system/i2pzero.service

sudo mv $HOME/i2pzero.service /etc/systemd/system/i2pzero.service

Check the logs.

journalctl -fu i2pzero

Restart i2pzero in order for config change to take effect.

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable i2pzero
sudo systemctl start i2pzero
sudo systemctl status i2pzero

Based on the status, open the port <NUMBER> on your firewall for best performance.

For best performance, please open port <NUMBER> on your firewall for incoming UDP and TCP connections. This port has been randomly assigned to you. For privacy reasons, please do not share this port with others.

cd $HOME/i2p-zero-linux
INBOUND_I2P=$(router/bin/tunnel-control.sh server.create 127.0.0.1 8061)
echo INBOUND I2P: $INBOUND_I2P
router/bin/tunnel-control.sh socks.create 8060

Append the following to your monerod config file.

sudo nano /var/lib/monero/monerod.conf

tx-proxy=i2p,127.0.0.1:8060
anonymous-inbound=<Your INBOUND_I2P>,127.0.0.1:8061

Open the i2p port.

# i2p port
sudo ufw allow 8060

Restart monerod.

sudo systemctl restart monerod

:tools: 2. How to update a monero node

When a new release is cut, you will want to update to the latest stable release. The following shows you how to update your monero node.

Review release notes and check for breaking changes/features.

https://github.com/monero-project/monero/releases